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IQ
Tests and Measurements of Genius
Interesting
IQ Facts:
The first Experimental Psychology
tests were performed at the University of Pennsylvania around the
year 1890.
The Binet-Simon test was developed in
1905 to help the French government identify retarded students in
need of alternative education.
Classic formula: IQ = Mental
Age/Chronological Age X 100.
A normal intelligence quotient (IQ)
ranges from 85 to 115 (According to the Stanford-Binet scale). Only
approximately 1% of the people in the world have an IQ of 135 or
over.
Half of the population have IQ’s of
between 90 and 110, while 25% have higher IQ’s and 25% have lower
IQ’s
Factoid:
The highest IQ was probably held by William James
Sidis (1898-1944). His IQ was 200+.
The
Chronological History of the IQ Test
Francis Galton
(1822-1911)
First to use survey and questionnaire
to measure intelligence.
Believed mental success was due to
heredity.
Advocated human breeding restrictions.
Passed on his methods to James Cattell,
his student.
James Cattell
(1860-1944)
Started first Experimental Psychology
tests.
Use of statistical methods and
quantification of data.
Alfred Binet
(1857-1911)
1905 Binet - Simon Scale (30 tasks of
increasing complexity)
First to use mental age as a measure
of intelligence.
William Stern
(1871-1938)
1914 - Stern had the idea of dividing
a child's mental age by his chronological age - intelligence
quotient.
Henry Goddard
(1866-1957)
Father of intelligence testing in the
United States.
In 1908, he translated the Binet-Simon
Intelligence Scale into English
Between 1908 and 1918, he distributed
22,000 copies of the test throughout the United States.
1910 - Established first laboratory to
study retarded people.
Promoted school IQ testing
1911 - Helped to write first American
law on special education.
Lewis Terman
(1877-1956)
1906? - Terman revised Binet-Simon
Scale to create the Stanford-Binet Test
1916 - Terman suggested multiplying
the intelligence quotient by 100 to eliminate decimals.
First person to use the abbreviation
"IQ"
Wrote "Genius and Stupidity: A
Study of the Intellectual Processes of Seven "Bright" and
Seven "Stupid" Boys."
Terman's Termites is a group of
children studied for intelligence from an early age into adulthood.
Terman promoted school IQ testing.
David Wechsler
(1896-1981)
Tested adults and children
Wechsler tests are based on ten or
eleven verbal and performance subtests.
Wechsler introduced
the Deviation Quotient, an IQ computed by considering the
individual's mental ability in comparison with the average
individual of his or her own age.
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References for this Page:
http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/jcattell.shtml http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Terman/intro.htm
http://www.aceviper.net/aceviper_net/ace_intelligence/aceviper_detailed
_history_of_the_iq_test/aceviper_long_detailed_history_of_the_iq_test.html
http://home8.swipnet.se/~w-80790/#TableI
http://iq-test.learninginfo.org/iq04.htm
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