IQ Tests and Measurements of Genius - The History of IQ tests

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IQ Tests and Measurements of Genius

Interesting IQ Facts:

The first Experimental Psychology tests were performed at the University of Pennsylvania around the year 1890.
The Binet-Simon test was developed in 1905 to help the French government identify retarded students in need of alternative education.
Classic formula: IQ = Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100.
A normal intelligence quotient (IQ) ranges from 85 to 115 (According to the Stanford-Binet scale). Only approximately 1% of the people in the world have an IQ of 135 or over.
Half of the population have IQ’s of between 90 and 110, while 25% have higher IQ’s and 25% have lower IQ’s

Click here to see a list of commonly used IQ tests.

Hi IQ Societies

Factoid: The highest IQ was probably held by William James Sidis (1898-1944). His IQ was 200+.


Francis Galton (1822-1911)	First to use survey and questionnaire to measure intelligence. Believed mental success was due to heredity. Advocated human breeding restrictions. Passed on his methods to James Cattell, his student.

James Cattell (1860-1944)	Started first Experimental Psychology tests. Use of statistical methods and quantification of data.

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)	1905 Binet - Simon Scale (30 tasks of increasing complexity) First to use mental age as a measure of intelligence.

William Stern (1871-1938)	1914 - Stern had the idea of dividing a child's mental age by his chronological age - intelligence quotient.

Henry Goddard (1866-1957)	Father of intelligence testing in the United States. In 1908, he translated the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale into English Between 1908 and 1918, he distributed 22,000 copies of the test throughout the United States. 1910 - Established first laboratory to study retarded people. Promoted school IQ testing 1911 - Helped to write first American law on special education. Added the term “moron, imbecile and idiot” to the vocabulary of mental classification. Goddard said he could tell if you were a moron just by looking at you. He also said that 50% of all immigrants were morons. 1912, known for the The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness

Lewis Terman (1877-1956)	1906? - Terman revised Binet-Simon Scale to create the Stanford-Binet Test 1916 - Terman suggested multiplying the intelligence quotient by 100 to eliminate decimals. 1916 - Wrote THE MEASUREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE AN EXPLANATION OF AND A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR THE USE OF THE STANFORD REVISION AND EXTENSION OF The Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale First person to use the abbreviation "IQ" Wrote "Genius and Stupidity: A Study of the Intellectual Processes of Seven "Bright" and Seven "Stupid" Boys." Terman's Termites is a group of children studied for intelligence from an early age into adulthood. Terman promoted school IQ testing. In Defense of IQ Testing: Lewis Terman Replies to Critics The Uses of Intelligence Tests (1916) Genetic studies of genius; 5 Part SERIES: v. 1. Mental and physical traits of a thousand gifted children, by L. M. Terman, assisted by B. T. Baldwin, and others.-- v. 2. The early mental traits of three hundred geniuses, by C. M. Cox, assisted by L. O. Gillan and others.-- v. 3. The promise of youth; follow-up studies of a thousand gifted children, by B. S. Burks and others.-- v. 4. The gifted child grows up; twenty-five years' follow-up of a superior group, by L. M. Terman and M. H. Oden.-- v. 5. The gifted group at mid-life; thirty-five years' follow-up of the superior child, by L. M. Terman and M. H. Oden. Writings of Lewis Madison Terman Time Magazine, October 14, 1940 Terman's Kids

David Wechsler (1896-1981)	Tested adults and children Wechsler tests are based on ten or eleven verbal and performance subtests. Wechsler introduced the Deviation Quotient, an IQ computed by considering the individual's mental ability in comparison with the average individual of his or her own age.

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References for this Page:
http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/jcattell.shtml
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Terman/intro.htm
http://www.aceviper.net/aceviper_net/ace_intelligence/aceviper_detailed
_history_of_the_iq_test/aceviper_long_detailed_history_of_the_iq_test.html
http://home8.swipnet.se/~w-80790/#TableI
http://iq-test.learninginfo.org/iq04.htm
http://www.candleinthedark.com/other.html