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IQ Tests and Measurements of Genius
Interesting IQ Facts:
  • The first Experimental Psychology tests were performed at the University of Pennsylvania around the year 1890.
  • The Binet-Simon test was developed in 1905 to help the French government identify retarded students in need of alternative education.
  • Classic formula: IQ = Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100. 
  • A normal intelligence quotient (IQ) ranges from 85 to 115 (According to the Stanford-Binet scale). Only approximately 1% of the people in the world have an IQ of 135 or over.
  • Half of the population have IQ’s of between 90 and 110, while 25% have higher IQ’s and 25% have lower IQ’s

Click here to see a list of commonly used IQ tests.

 
Hi IQ Societies Factoid:  The highest IQ was probably held by William James Sidis (1898-1944).  His IQ was 200+.   
 
The Chronological History of the IQ Test
 
Francis Galton (1822-1911)
  • First to use survey and questionnaire to measure intelligence.
  • Believed mental success was due to heredity.
  • Advocated human breeding restrictions.
  • Passed on his methods to James Cattell, his student.

James Cattell (1860-1944)
  • Started first Experimental Psychology tests.
  • Use of statistical methods and quantification of data.

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)
  • 1905 Binet - Simon Scale (30 tasks of increasing complexity)
  • First to use mental age as a measure of intelligence.

William Stern (1871-1938)
  • 1914 - Stern had the idea of dividing a child's mental age by his chronological age - intelligence quotient.

Henry Goddard (1866-1957)
  • Father of intelligence testing in the United States.
  • In 1908, he translated the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale into English
  • Between 1908 and 1918, he distributed 22,000 copies of the test throughout the United States.
  • 1910 - Established first laboratory to study retarded people.
  • Promoted school IQ testing
  • 1911 - Helped to write first American law on special education.
  • Added the term “moron, imbecile and idiot” to the vocabulary of mental classification.
  • Goddard said he could tell if you were a moron just by looking at you.
  • He also said that 50% of all immigrants were morons.
  • 1912, known for the The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness

Lewis Terman (1877-1956)

David Wechsler (1896-1981)
  • Tested adults and children
  • Wechsler tests are based on ten or eleven verbal and performance subtests.
  • Wechsler introduced the Deviation Quotient, an IQ computed by considering the individual's mental ability in comparison with the average individual of his or her own age.

 
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References for this Page:
http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/jcattell.shtml
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Terman/intro.htm
http://www.aceviper.net/aceviper_net/ace_intelligence/aceviper_detailed
_history_of_the_iq_test/aceviper_long_detailed_history_of_the_iq_test.html
http://home8.swipnet.se/~w-80790/#TableI
http://iq-test.learninginfo.org/iq04.htm
http://www.candleinthedark.com/other.html

 

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