|
257 497.
Principal
Parts |
volō, velle, voluī, ——, be
willing, will, wish
nōlō, nōlle, nōluī,
——, be unwilling, will not
mālō, mālle, māluī,
——, be more willing, prefer
|
Nōlō and mālō are compounds of volō.
Nōlō is for ne (not) + volō,
and mālō for mā (from magis, more)
+ volō. The second person vīs is from a
different root.
| Indicative |
| SINGULAR |
| Pres. |
volō |
nōlō |
mālō |
|
vīs |
nōn vis |
māvīs |
|
vult |
nōn vult |
māvult |
| PLURAL |
|
volumus |
nōlumus |
mālumus |
|
vultis |
nōn vultis |
māvul´tis
|
|
volunt |
nōlunt |
mālunt |
| Impf. |
volēbam |
nōlēbam |
mālēbam |
| Fut. |
volam, volēs, etc. |
nōlam, nōlēs, etc. |
mālam, mālēs, etc. |
| Perf. |
voluī |
nōluī |
māluī |
| Plup. |
volueram |
nōlueram |
mālueram |
| F. P. |
voluerō |
nōluerō |
māluerō |
| Subjunctive |
| SINGULAR |
| Pres. |
velim |
nōlim |
mālim |
|
velīs |
nōlīs |
mālīs |
|
velit |
nōlit |
mālit |
| PLURAL |
|
velī´mus |
nōlī´mus |
mālī´mus |
|
velī´tis |
nōlī´tis |
mālī´tis |
|
velint |
nōlint |
mālint |
| Impf. |
vellem |
nōllem |
māllem |
| Perf. |
voluerim |
nōluerim |
māluerim |
| Plup. |
voluissem |
nōluissem |
māluissem |
| Imperative |
| Pres. |
—— |
nōlī
nōlīte
|
—— |
| Fut. |
—— |
nōlītō, etc. |
—— |
| 258 Infinitive |
| Pres. |
velle |
nōlle |
mālle |
| Perf. |
voluisse |
nōluisse |
māluisse |
| Participle |
| Pres. |
volēns, -entis |
nōlēns, -entis |
—— |
498. ferō,
bear, carry, endure
|
Principal
Parts ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus |
|
Pres. Stem
fer- Perf. Stem
tul- Part. Stem
lāt- |
|
Indicative |
|
ACTIVE |
PASSIVE |
| Pres. |
ferō |
ferimus |
feror |
ferimur |
|
fers |
fertīs |
ferris, -re |
ferimimī |
|
fert |
ferunt |
fertur |
feruntur |
| Impf. |
ferēbam |
ferēbar |
| Fut. |
feram, ferēs, etc. |
ferar, ferēris, etc. |
| Perf. |
tulī |
lātus, -a, -um sum |
| Plup. |
tuleram |
lātus, -a, -um eram |
| F. P. |
tulerō |
lātus, -a, -um erō |
|
Subjunctive |
| Pres. |
feram, ferās, etc. |
ferar, ferāris, etc. |
| Impf. |
ferrem |
ferrer |
| Perf. |
tulerim |
lātus, -a, -um sim |
| Plup. |
tulissem |
lātus, -a, -um essem |
|
Imperative |
| Pres. 2d Pers. fer |
ferte |
ferre |
feriminī |
| Fut. 2d Pers. fertō |
fertōte |
fertor |
|
| 3d Pers. fertō |
ferunto |
fertor |
feruntor |
|
Infinitive |
| Pres. |
ferre |
ferrī |
| Perf. |
tulisse |
lātus, -a, -um esse |
| Fut. |
lātūrus, -a, -um esse |
—— |
|
Participles |
| Pres. |
ferēns, -entis |
Pres. —— |
| Fut. |
lātūrus, -a, -um |
Ger. ferendus, -a, -um |
| Perf. |
—— |
Perf. lātus, -a, -um |
| 259 Gerund |
Supine (Active
Voice) |
| Gen. ferendī |
Acc. ferendum |
Acc. [lātum] |
| Dat. ferendō |
Abl. ferendō |
Abl. [lātū] |
499. eō,
go
|
Principal
Parts eō, īre, iī (īvī),
ĭtum (n. perf. part.) |
|
Pres. Stem
ī- Perf. Stem
ī- or īv- Part.
Stem it- |
|
Indicative |
Subjunctive |
Imperative |
|
SING. |
PLUR. |
| Pres. |
eō
īs
it |
īmus
ītis
eunt |
eam |
2d Pers. ī |
īte |
| Impf. |
ībam |
īrem |
|
|
| Fut. |
ībō |
—— |
2d Pers. ītō
3d Pers. ītō |
ītōte
euntō |
| Perf. |
iī (īvī) |
ierim (īverim) |
|
|
| Plup. |
ieram (īveram) |
īssem (īvissem) |
|
|
| F. P. |
ierō (īverō)
| |
|
|
|
Infinitive |
Participles |
| Pres. |
īre |
Pres. iēns, gen. euntis (§ 472) |
| Perf. |
īsse (īvisse) |
Fut. itūrus, -a, -um |
| Fut. |
itūrus, -a, -um esse |
Ger. eundum |
|
|
|
Gerund |
Supine |
|
|
|
Gen. eundī |
Acc. [itum] |
|
|
|
Dat. eundō |
Abl. [itū] |
|
|
|
Acc. eundum |
|
|
|
Abl. eundō |
a. The verb eō is used impersonally
in the third person singular of the passive, as ītur, itum
est, etc.
b. In the perfect system the forms with v
are very rare.
500. fīō,
passive of faciō; be made, become, happen
|
Principal
Parts fīō, fierī, factus sum |
|
Indicative |
Subjunctive |
Imperative |
| Pres. |
fīō
fīs
fit |
——
——
fīunt |
fīam |
2d Pers. fī |
fīte |
| Impf. |
fīēbam |
fierem |
|
|
| Fut. |
fīam |
—— |
|
|
| 260 Perf. |
factus, -a, -um sum |
factus, -a, -um sim |
|
|
| Plup. |
factus, -a, -um eram |
factus, -a, -um essem
| |
|
| F. P. |
factus, -a, -um erō |
|
|
|
|
Infinitive |
|
Participles |
| Pres. |
fierī |
|
Perf. factus, -a, -um |
| Perf. |
factus, -a, -um esse |
|
Ger. faciendus, -a, -um |
| Fut. |
[factum īrī] |
|
|
|

CASTRA MURO FOSSAQUE MUNIUNTUR
261
APPENDIX II
501. RULES
OF SYNTAX
Note. The rules of syntax
are here classified and numbered consecutively. The number of the text
section in which the rule appears is given at the end of each.
Nominative Case
1. The subject of a finite
verb is in the nominative and answers the question Who? or What? § 36.
Agreement
2. A finite verb must
always be in the same person and number as its subject. § 28.
3. A predicate noun agrees
in case with the subject of the verb. § 76.
4. An appositive agrees in
case with the noun which it explains. § 81.
5. Adjectives agree with
their nouns in gender, number, and case. § 65.
6. A predicate adjective
completing a complementary infinitive agrees in gender, number, and case
with the subject of the main verb. § 215. a.
7. A relative pronoun must
agree with its antecedent in gender and number; but its case is
determined by the way it is used in its own clause. § 224.
Prepositions
8. A noun governed by a
preposition must be in the accusative or ablative case. § 52.
Genitive Case
9. The word denoting the
owner or possessor of something is in the genitive and answers the
question Whose? § 38.
10. The possessive
genitive often stands in the predicate, especially after the forms of sum,
and is then called the predicate genitive. § 409.
11. Words denoting a part
are often used with the genitive of the whole, known as the partitive
genitive. § 331.
12. Numerical
descriptions of measure are expressed by the genitive with a modifying
adjective. § 443.
262 Dative
Case
13. The indirect object
of a verb is in the dative. § 45.
14. The dative of the
indirect object is used with the intransitive verbs crēdō,
faveō, noceō, pāreō, persuādeō,
resistō, studeō, and others of like meaning. § 154.
15. Some verbs compounded
with ad, ante, con, dē, in, inter,
ob, post, prae, prō, sub, super,
admit the dative of the indirect object. Transitive compounds may take
both an accusative and a dative. § 426.
16. The dative is used
with adjectives to denote the object toward which the given quality is
directed. Such are, especially, those meaning near, also fit,
friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites. § 143.
17. The dative is used to
denote the purpose or end for which; often with another
dative denoting the person or thing affected. § 437.
Accusative Case
18. The direct object of
a transitive verb is in the accusative and answers the question Whom? or
What? § 37.
19. The subject of the
infinitive is in the accusative. § 214.
20. The place to which
is expressed by ad or in with the accusative. Before names
of towns, small islands, domus, and rūs the
preposition is omitted. §§ 263,
266.
21. Duration of time
and extent of space are expressed by the accusative. § 336.
22. Verbs of making,
choosing, calling, showing, and the like, may take a predicate
accusative along with the direct object. With the passive voice the
two accusatives become nominatives. § 392.
Ablative Case
23. Cause is
denoted by the ablative without a preposition. This answers the question
Because of what? § 102.
24. Means is
denoted by the ablative without a preposition. This answers the question
By means of what? or With what? § 103.
25. Accompaniment
is denoted by the ablative with cum. This answers the question
With whom? § 104.
26. The ablative with cum
is used to denote the manner of an action. Cum may be omitted, if
an adjective is used with the ablative. This answers the question How?
or In what manner? § 105.
27. With comparatives and
words implying comparison the ablative is used to denote the measure
of difference. § 317.
263 28.
The ablative of a noun or pronoun with a present or perfect participle
in agreement is used to express attendant circumstance. This is called
the ablative absolute. § 381.
29. 1. Descriptions of
physical characteristics are expressed by the ablative with a modifying
adjective. § 444.
2. Descriptions involving neither numerical statements
nor physical characteristics may be expressed by either the genitive or
the ablative with a modifying adjective. § 445.
30. The ablative is used
to denote in what respect something is true. § 398.
31. The place from
which is expressed by ā or ab, dē, ē
or ex with the separative ablative. This answers the question
Whence? Before names of towns, small islands, domus, and rūs
the preposition is omitted. §§ 264,
266.
32. Words expressing
separation or deprivation require an ablative to complete their meaning.
This is called the ablative of separation. § 180.
33. The word expressing
the person from whom an action starts, when not the subject, is put in
the ablative with the preposition ā or ab. This is
called the ablative of the personal agent. § 181.
34. The comparative
degree, if quam is omitted, is followed by the separative
ablative. § 309.
35. The time when or
within which anything happens is expressed by the ablative without a
preposition. § 275.
36. 1. The place at or
in which is expressed by the ablative with in. This answers
the question Where? Before names of towns, small islands, and rūs
the preposition is omitted. §§ 265,
266.
2. Names of towns and small islands, if singular and of
the first or second declension, and the word domus express the place
in which by the locative. § 268.
Gerund and Gerundive
37. 1. The gerund is a
verbal noun and is used only in the genitive, dative, accusative, and
ablative singular. The constructions of these cases are in general the
same as those of other nouns. § 406. 1.
2. The gerundive is a verbal adjective and must be used
instead of gerund + object, excepting in the genitive and in the
ablative without a preposition. Even in these instances the gerundive
construction is more usual. § 406. 2.
38. The accusative of the
gerund or gerundive with ad, or the genitive with causā,
is used to express purpose. § 407.
264 Moods
and Tenses of Verbs
39. Primary tenses are
followed by primary tenses, and secondary by secondary. § 358.
40. The subjunctive is
used in a dependent clause to express the purpose of the action
in the principal clause. § 349.
41. A substantive
clause of purpose with the subjunctive is used as object with verbs
of commanding, urging, asking, persuading, or advising,
where in English we should usually have the infinitive. § 366.
42. Verbs of fearing
are followed by a substantive clause of purpose introduced by ut
(that not) or nē (that or lest). § 372.
43. Consecutive
clauses of result are introduced by ut or ut nōn,
and have the verb in the subjunctive. § 385.
44. Object clauses of
result with ut or ut nōn are found after verbs of
effecting or bringing about. § 386.
45. A relative clause
with the subjunctive is often used to describe an antecedent. This is
called the subjunctive of characteristic or description. § 390.
46. The conjunction cum
means when, since, or although. It is followed by the
subjunctive unless it means when and its clause fixes the time at
which the main action took place. § 396.
47. When a direct
statement becomes indirect, the principal verb is changed to the
infinitive, and its subject nominative becomes subject accusative of the
infinitive. § 416.
48. The
accusative-with-infinitive construction in indirect statements is found
after verbs of saying, telling, knowing, thinking, and perceiving.
§ 419.
49. A present indicative
of a direct statement becomes present infinitive of the indirect, a past
indicative becomes perfect infinitive, and a future indicative becomes
future infinitive. § 418.
50. In an indirect
question the verb is in the subjunctive and its tense is determined
by the law for tense sequence. § 432.

DOMINA
265
APPENDIX III
REVIEWS1
502. Give the English
of the following words:1
| Nouns |
|
agricola
ancilla
aqua
casa
causa
cēna
corōna
|
dea
domina
fābula
fera
fīlia
fortūna
fuga
|
gallīna
iniūria
īnsula
lūna
nauta
pecūnia
puella
|
pugna
sagitta
silva
terra
tuba
via
victōria
|
| Adjectives |
|
alta
bona
|
clāra
grāta
|
lāta
longa
|
magna
mala
|
nova
parva
|
pulchra
sōla
|
| Verbs |
|
amat
dat
|
est
habitat
|
labōrat
laudat
|
nārrat
necat
|
nūntiat
parat
|
portat
pugnat
|
sunt
vocat
|
| Prepositions |
Pronouns |
Adverbs |
Conjunctions |
Interrogative
Particle |
|
ā or ab
ad
cum
dē
ē or ex
in
|
mea
tua
quis
cuius
cui
quem
quid
|
cūr
deinde
nōn
ubi
|
et
quia
quod
|
-ne
|
266 503.
Give the Latin of the following words:1
Underline the words you do not remember. Do not look up a single word
till you have gone through the entire list. Then drill on the words you
have underlined.
|
flight
story
new
lives (verb)
away from
who
why
forest
wreath
deep, high
dinner
famous
cottage
battle (noun)
trumpet
lady, mistress
whom
island
|
wide
tells
money
calls
with
your
then, in the
next place
daughter
to whom
fortune
out from
labors (verb)
gives
small
in
and
sailor
farmer
|
goddess
wild beast
praises (verb)
alone
pleasing
prepares
are
to
because
arrow
my
kills
girl
fights (verb)
carries
chicken
victory
land
|
what
way
bad
loves
pretty
water
great
is
announces
injury, wrong
where
not
good
maid
down from
long
cause
whose
|
504. Review Questions.
How many syllables has a Latin word? How are words divided into
syllables? What is the ultima? the penult? the antepenult? When is a
syllable short? When is a syllable long? What is the law of Latin
accent? Define the subject of a sentence; the predicate; the object; the
copula. What is inflection? declension? conjugation? What is the ending
of the verb in the third person singular, and what in the plural? What
does the form of a noun show? Name the Latin cases. What case is used
for the subject? the direct object? the possessor? What relation is
expressed by the dative case? Give the rule for the indirect object. How
are questions answered in Latin? What is a predicate adjective? an
attributive adjective? What is meant by agreement? Give the rule for the
agreement of the adjective. What are the three relations expressed by
the ablative? What can you say of the position of the possessive
pronoun? the modifying genitive? the adjective? What is the base? What
is grammatical gender? What is the rule for gender in the first
declension? What are the general principles of Latin word order?
267
505. Fill out the
following summary of the first declension:
| The First or Ā-Declension |
1. Ending in the nominative singular |
| 2. Rule for gender |
| 3. Case terminations |
a. Singular
b. Plural |
| 4. Irregular nouns |
506. Give the English
of the following words:
| Nouns of the First Declension |
|
agrī cultūra
cōnstantia
|
cōpia
dīligentia
|
fāma
fēmina
|
galea
inopia
|
lacrima
lōrīca
|
patria
praeda
|
| Nouns of the Second Declension |
|
ager
amīcus
arma (plural)
auxilium
bellum
carrus
castrum
|
cibus
cōnsilium
domicilium
dominus
equus
fīlius
fluvius
|
frūmentum
gladius
lēgātus
līberī
magister
mūrus
numerus
|
oppidānus
oppidum
pīlum
populus
praemium
proelium
puer
|
scūtum
servus
studium
tēlum
vīcus
vir
|
| Adjectives of the First and Second Declensons |
|
aeger, aegra, aegrum
alius, alia, aliud
alter, altera, alterum
armātus, -a, -um
crēber, crēbra, crēbrum
dūrus, -a, -um
fīnitimus, -a, -um
īnfīrmus, -a, -um
legiōnārius, -a, -um
līber, lībera, līberum
mātūrus, -a, -um
meus, -a, -um
miser, misera, miserum
multus, -a, -um
|
neuter, neutra, neutrum
noster, nostra, nostrum
alter, altera, alterum
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
sōlus, -a, -um
suus, -a, -um
fīnitimus, -a, -um
tuus, -a, -um
ūllus, -a, -um
ūnus, -a, -um
uter, utra, utrum
validus, -a, -um
vester, vestra, vestrum
|
| 268 Verbs |
Demonstrative
Pronoun |
Adverbs |
|
arat
cūrat
dēsīderat
mātūrat
properat
|
is, ea, id
Conjunctions
an
-que
sed
|
iam
quō
saepe
Preposition
apud |
507. Give the Latin of
the following words:
|
sword
corselet
man
your (plural)
hasten
but
among
tear (noun)
village
strong
long for
and (enclitic)
often
want (noun)
which (of two)
care for
or (in a question)
whither
wagon
townsman
wretched
ripe
|
war
number
my
free (adj.)
children
wall
grain
weapon
one
plow (verb)
this or that
already
helmet
river
zeal
any
he
son
slave
your (singular)
she
woman
horse
|
shield (noun)
whole
it
aid (noun)
legionary
weak
arms
master
(of school)
friend
neighboring
sick
lieutenant
field
report, rumor
abode
boy
his own
alone
prize (noun)
master (owner)
carefulness
plenty
troops
|
plan (noun)
people
beautiful
no (adj.)
our
battle
spear
food
steadiness
fatherland
town
fort
camp
neither (of two)
much
agriculture
other
the other (of two)
hard
booty
frequent
armed
|
508. Review Questions.
How many declensions are there? What three things must be known about a
noun before it can be declined? What three cases of neuter nouns are
always alike, and in what do they end in the plural? What two plural
cases are always alike? When is the vocative singular not like the
nominative? What is a predicate noun? With what does it agree? What is
an appositive? Give the rule for the agreement of an appositive. How can
we tell whether a noun in -er is declined like puer or
like ager? 269 Decline
bonus, līber, pulcher. How can we tell whether
an adjective in -er is declined like līber or like pulcher?
Why must we say nauta bonus and not nauta bona? Name the
Latin possessive pronouns. How are they declined? With what does the
possessive pronoun agree? When do we use tuus and when vester?
Why is suus called a reflexive possessive? What is the
non-reflexive possessive of the third person? When are possessives
omitted? What four uses of the ablative case are covered by the
relations expressed in English by with? Give an illustration in
Latin of the ablative of manner; of the ablative of cause;
of the ablative of means; of the ablative of accompaniment.
What ablative regularly has cum? What ablative sometimes has cum?
What uses of the ablative never have cum? Name the nine
pronominal adjectives, with their meanings. Decline alius, nūllus.
Decline is. What does is mean as a demonstrative adjective
or pronoun? What other important use has it?
509. Fill out the
following summary of the second declension:
The Second or
O-Declension |
1. Endings in the nominative |
| 2. Rule for gender |
| 3. Case terminations of nouns in -us |
a. Singular
b. Plural |
| a. The vocative singular of nouns in
-us |
| 4. Case terminations of nouns in -um |
a. Singular
b. Plural |
| 5. Peculiarities of nouns in -er and -ir |
| 6. Peculiarities of nouns in -ius and -ium |
510. Give the English
of the following words:
| Nouns of the First Declension |
|
disciplīna
fōrma
|
poena
potentia
|
rēgīna
superbia
|
trīstitia |
| Nouns of the Second Declension |
| lūdus |
ōrnāmentum |
sacrum |
socius |
verbum |
| Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions |
|
amīcus
antīquus
fīnitimus
|
grātus
idōneus
inimīcus
|
interfectus
īrātus
laetus
|
molestus
perpetuus
proximus
|
septem
superbus
|
| 270 Adverbs |
Conjunctions |
Personal Pronoun |
|
hodiē
ibi
maximē
|
mox
nunc
nūper
|
etiam
nōn sōlum ... sed etiam
|
ego
|
| Verbs |
| CONJ. I |
CONJ. II |
CONJ. III |
CONJ. IV |
|
volō, -āre
IRREGULAR VERB
sum, esse
|
dēleō, -ēre
doceō, -ēre
faveō, -ēre
habeō, -ēre
iubeō, -ēre
moneō, -ēre
moveō, -ēre
noceō, -ēre
pāreō, -ēre
persuādeō, -ēre
sedeō, -ēre
studeō, -ēre
videō, -ēre
|
agō, -ere
capiō, -ere
crēdō, -ere
dīcō, -ere
dūcō, -ere
faciō, -ere
fugiō, -ere
iaciō, -ere
mittō, -ere
rapiō, -ere
regō, -ere
resistō, -ere
|
audiō, -īre
mūniō, -īre
reperiō, -īre
veniō, -īre
|
511. Give the Latin of
the following words. In the case of verbs always give the first form
and the present infinitive.
|
ancient
come
resist
see
be
fly
I
proud
word
sadness
find
rule (verb)
be eager for
|
not only ...
but also
seven
ally, companion
pride
fortify
send
sit
also
school
hear
hurl
persuade
only
|
nearest
sacred rite
queen
flee
obey
lately
constant
ornament
power
make, do
injure
now
annoying
lead
|
move
soon
glad
punishment
believe
advise
especially,
most of all
angry
beauty
say
command (verb)
there
slain
|
training
take
have
to-day
unfriendly
drive
favor (verb)
suitable
pleasing
teach
neighboring
destroy
friendly
seize
|
512. Review Questions.
What is conjugation? Name two important differences between conjugation
in Latin and in English. What is tense? 271
What is mood? What are the Latin moods? When do we
use the indicative mood? Name the six tenses of the indicative. What are
personal endings? Name those you have had. Inflect sum in the
three tenses you have learned. How many regular conjugations are there?
How are they distinguished? How is the present stem found? What tenses
are formed from the present stem? What is the tense sign of the
imperfect? What is the meaning of the imperfect? What is the tense sign
of the future in the first two conjugations? in the last two? Before
what letters is a final long vowel of the stem shortened? What are the
three possible translations of a present, as of pugnō?
Inflect arō, sedeō, mittō, faciō, and veniō,
in the present, imperfect, and future active. What forms of -iō
verbs of the third conjugation are like audiō? what like regō?
Give the rule for the dative with adjectives. Name the special
intransitive verbs that govern the dative. What does the imperative mood
express? How is the present active imperative formed in the singular? in
the plural? What three verbs have a shortened present active imperative?
Give the present active imperative of portō, dēleō, agō,
faciō, mūniō.
513. Give the English
of the following words:
| Nouns of the First Declension |
| āla |
cūra |
mora |
porta |
prōvincia |
vīta |
| Nouns of the Second Declension |
|
animus
aurum
|
bracchium
deus
|
locus
mōnstrum
|
nāvigium
ōrāculum
|
perīculum
ventus
|
vīnum
|
| Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions |
|
adversus
attentus
cārus
|
commōtus
dēfessus
dexter
|
dubius
maximus
perfidus
|
plēnus
saevus
sinister
|
| Adverbs |
|
anteā
celeriter
dēnique
|
diū
frūstrā
graviter
|
ita
longē
semper
|
subitō
tamen
tum
|
| Conjunctions |
| autem |
sī |
ubi |
| 272 Prepositions |
| dē |
per |
prō |
sine |
| Verbs |
| CONJ. I |
CONJ. II |
|
adpropinquō
nāvigō
occupō
postulō
|
recūsō
reportō
servō
stō
|
superō
temptō
vāstō
vulnerō
|
contineō
egeō
prohibeō
respondeō
teneō
|
| CONJ. III |
IRREGULAR VERB |
| discēdō |
gerō |
interficiō |
absum |
514. Translate the
following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and
the principal parts of the verbs.
|
be away
wind
through
if
savage
wound (verb)
wine
delay
faithless
right
seize
quickly
before, in behalf of
battle
down from or concerning
|
moreover
greatest
oracle
danger
lay waste
gate
doubtful
opposite, adverse
demand
finally
attentive
then, at that time
weary
overcome,
conquer
|
boat, ship
sail (verb)
life
save
full
refuse
heavily
monster
approach
nevertheless
place
be without,
lack
moved
gold
restrain, keep from
|
without
hold
suddenly
dear
always
god
hold in, keep
afar
thus, so,
as follows
arm (noun)
when
in vain
stand
bring back, win
|
before,
previously
depart,
go away
province
care, trouble
kill
reply (verb)
wing
mind, heart
left (adj.)
bear, carry on
try
for a long time
|
515. Give the principal
parts and meaning of the following verbs:
|
sum
dō
teneō
iubeō
agō
mittō
mūniō
|
moveō
crēdō
rapiō
reperiō
dēleō
resistō
audiō
|
moneō
capiō
doceō
regō
faveō
noceō
dīcō
|
pāreō
dūcō
faciō
persuādeō
sedeō
studeō
fugiō
|
veniō
iaciō
videō
absum
egeō
gerō
stō
|
273 516.
Review Questions. What are the personal endings in the passive
voice? What is the letter -r sometimes called? What are the
distinguishing vowels of the four conjugations? What forms constitute
the principal parts? What are the three different conjugation stems? How
may they be found? What are the tenses of the indicative? of the
infinitive? What tense of the imperative have you learned? What forms
are built on the present stem? on the perfect stem? on the participial
stem? What are the endings of the perfect active indicative? What is the
tense sign of the pluperfect active? of the future perfect active? How
is the present active infinitive formed? the present passive infinitive?
How is the present active imperative formed? the present passive
imperative? How is the perfect active infinitive formed? the perfect
passive infinitive? How is the future active infinitive formed? What is
a participle? How are participles in -us declined? Give the rule
for the agreement of the participle. How are the perfect, pluperfect,
and future perfect passive indicative formed? Conjugate the verb sum
in all moods and tenses as far as you have learned it (§ 494).
What is meant by the separative ablative? How is the place from which
expressed in Latin? Give the rule for the ablative of separation; for
the ablative of the personal agent. How can we distinguish between the
ablative of means and the ablative of the personal agent? What is the
perfect definite? the perfect indefinite? What is the difference in
meaning between the perfect indefinite and the imperfect? What two cases
in Latin may be governed by a preposition? Name the prepositions that
govern the ablative. What does the preposition in mean when it
governs the ablative? the accusative? What are the three interrogatives
used to introduce yes-and-no questions? Explain the force
of each. What words are sometimes used for yes and no?
What are the different meanings and uses of ubi?
517. Give the English
of the following words:
| Nouns |
| FIRST DECLENSION |
SECOND DECLENSION |
| rīpa |
barbarī
captīvus
|
castellum
impedīmentum
|
| THIRD DECLENSION |
|
animal
arbor
avis
caedēs
274 calamitās
calcar
caput
cīvis
cliēns
|
collis
cōnsul
dēns
dux
eques
fīnis
flūmen
fōns
frāter
|
homō
hostīs
ignis
imperātor
īnsigne
iter
iūdex
labor
lapis
|
legiō
mare
māter
mēnsis
mīles
mōns
nāvis
opus
ōrātor
|
ōrdō
pater
pedes
pēs
pōns
prīnceps
rēx
salūs
sanguis
|
soror
tempus
terror
turris
urbs
victor
virtūs
vīs
|
| Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions |
| barbarus |
dexter |
sinister |
summus |
| Prepositions |
Adverbs |
Conjunctions |
|
in with the abl.
in with the acc.
trāns
|
cotīdiē
numquam
|
nec, neque
nec ... nec, or neque ... neque
|
| Verbs |
| CONJ. I |
CONJ. III |
|
cessō
confirmō
|
oppugnō
vetō
|
accipiō
incipiō
|
petō
ponō
|
vincō
vivō
|
518. Translate the
following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and
the principal parts of the verbs:
|
forbid
rank, row
brother
force
across
savages
horseman
never
mountain
manliness,
courage
leader
put, place
time
savage,
barbarous
sister
seek
captive
hindrance,
baggage
|
man-of-war
judge
defeat, disaster
fire
tree
foot soldier
receive
general
highest
fountain
orator
neither ... nor
and not
left
tooth
soldier
month
city
victor
daily
live (verb)
|
conquer
consul
mother
retainer
citizen
head
safety
assail, storm
begin
march
decoration
bridge
bird
cease
man
river
work (noun)
and
ship
bank
|
redoubt, fort
sea
tower
drill (verb)
legion
terror
into, to
right (adj.)
in
stone
blood
labor (noun)
king
spur
chief
slaughter
strengthen
foot
enemy
animal
father
|
275 519.
Review Questions. Give the conjugation of possum. What is
an infinitive? What three uses has the Latin infinitive that are like
the English? What is the case of the subject of the infinitive? What is
meant by a complementary infinitive? In the sentence The bad boy
cannot be happy, what is the case of happy? Give the rule.
Decline quī. Give the rule for the agreement of the
relative. What are the two uses of the interrogative? Decline quis.
What is the base of a noun? How is the stem formed from the base? Are
the stem and the base ever the same? How many declensions of nouns are
there? Name them. What are the two chief divisions of the third
declension? How are the consonant stems classified? Explain the
formation of lapis from the stem lapid-, mīles
from mīlit-, rēx from rēg-. What
nouns have i-stems? What peculiarities of form do i-stems
have,—masc., fem., and neut.? Name the five nouns that have -ī
and -e in the abl. Decline turris. Give the rules for
gender in the third declension. Decline mīles, lapis,
rēx, virtūs, cōnsul, legiō,
homō, pater, flūmen, opus, tempus,
caput, caedēs, urbs, hostis, mare,
animal, vīs, iter.
520. Fill out the
following scheme:
| The Third Declension |
Gender Endings |
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter |
| Case Terminations |
I. Consonant Stems |
a. Masc. and fem.
b. Neuters |
| II. I-Stems |
a. Masc. and fem.
b. Neuters |
| Irregular Nouns |
521. Give the English
of the following words:
| Nouns |
| FIRST DECLENSION |
SECOND DECLENSION |
|
amīcitia
hōra
littera
|
annus
modus
nūntius
oculus
|
rēgnum
signum
supplicium,
supplicium dare
supplicium sūmere dē
|
tergum,
tergum vertere
vestīgium
|
| 276
THIRD DECLENSION |
FOURTH DECLENSION |
|
aestās
corpus
hiems
lībertās
lūx,
prīma lūx
nōmen
|
nox
pars
pāx
rūs
sōl
vōx
vulnus
|
adventus
cornū
domus
equitātus
exercitus
fluctus
|
impetus
lacus
manus
metus
portus
|
| FIFTH DECLENSION |
INDECLINABLE NOUN |
|
aciēs
diēs
fidēs,
in fidem venīre
|
rēs,
rēs gestae
rēs adversae
rēs pūblica
rēs secundae
|
spēs |
nihil |
| Adjectives |
| FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS |
THIRD DECLENSION |
|
dēnsus
invīsus
mīrus
paucī
prīmus
|
prīstinus
pūblicus
secundus
tantus
vērus
|
ācer, ācris, ācre
brevis, breve
difficilis, difficile
facīlis, facile
fortis, forte
|
gravis, grave
incolumis, incolume
omnis, omne
pār, pār
vēlōx, vēlōx
|
| Pronouns |
| PERSONAL |
DEMONSTRATIVE |
I | |