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Responses and Adaptations

  
Exercise physiologists study how organisms react to stress, or a deviation from homeostasis.  In this case, the "stress" is exercise.  Reactions to exercise can be divided into two categories:  Responses and Adaptations.  

To understand the difference between responses and adaptations, it is important to understand the difference between an acute and chronic bout of exercise.  One bout of exercise is termed acute exercise - for example, one soccer practice or one resistance training session.  A reaction elicited from an acute event is called a response.  

When acute exercise is performed repetitively, we call it chronic exercise - for example, a month of soccer practice or a year of resistance training.  Chronic exercise results in adaptations.  Specifically, adaptations are defined as a persistent change in structure or function after training. 

Acute responses lead to chronic adaptations.  As a coach or professional, your goal is to design acute tasks that will lead to chronic adaptations.  Chronic adaptations should lead to an increased training level and  enable the body to respond more easily to future exercise bouts.  However, poor program design can result in a decreased training level and may impair the ability of the body to respond to future exercise bouts.

    
Examples of Responses to Exercise Examples of Adaptations to Exercise
Increased Heart Rate during exercise Decreased Resting Heart Rate
Increased Systolic Blood Pressure
during exercise
Decreased Resting Blood Pressure
Increased AVO2Difference
during exercise
Increased Resting Stroke Volume
Increased Cardiac Output
during exercise
Increased Muscle Mass (following resistance training)



 

 

 

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